22 research outputs found

    Quootstrap: Scalable Unsupervised Extraction of Quotation-Speaker Pairs from Large News Corpora via Bootstrapping

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    We propose Quootstrap, a method for extracting quotations, as well as the names of the speakers who uttered them, from large news corpora. Whereas prior work has addressed this problem primarily with supervised machine learning, our approach follows a fully unsupervised bootstrapping paradigm. It leverages the redundancy present in large news corpora, more precisely, the fact that the same quotation often appears across multiple news articles in slightly different contexts. Starting from a few seed patterns, such as ["Q", said S.], our method extracts a set of quotation-speaker pairs (Q, S), which are in turn used for discovering new patterns expressing the same quotations; the process is then repeated with the larger pattern set. Our algorithm is highly scalable, which we demonstrate by running it on the large ICWSM 2011 Spinn3r corpus. Validating our results against a crowdsourced ground truth, we obtain 90% precision at 40% recall using a single seed pattern, with significantly higher recall values for more frequently reported (and thus likely more interesting) quotations. Finally, we showcase the usefulness of our algorithm's output for computational social science by analyzing the sentiment expressed in our extracted quotations.Comment: Accepted at the 12th International Conference on Web and Social Media (ICWSM), 201

    Structuring Wikipedia Articles with Section Recommendations

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    Sections are the building blocks of Wikipedia articles. They enhance readability and can be used as a structured entry point for creating and expanding articles. Structuring a new or already existing Wikipedia article with sections is a hard task for humans, especially for newcomers or less experienced editors, as it requires significant knowledge about how a well-written article looks for each possible topic. Inspired by this need, the present paper defines the problem of section recommendation for Wikipedia articles and proposes several approaches for tackling it. Our systems can help editors by recommending what sections to add to already existing or newly created Wikipedia articles. Our basic paradigm is to generate recommendations by sourcing sections from articles that are similar to the input article. We explore several ways of defining similarity for this purpose (based on topic modeling, collaborative filtering, and Wikipedia's category system). We use both automatic and human evaluation approaches for assessing the performance of our recommendation system, concluding that the category-based approach works best, achieving precision@10 of about 80% in the human evaluation.Comment: SIGIR '18 camera-read

    CoMPosT: Characterizing and Evaluating Caricature in LLM Simulations

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    Recent work has aimed to capture nuances of human behavior by using LLMs to simulate responses from particular demographics in settings like social science experiments and public opinion surveys. However, there are currently no established ways to discuss or evaluate the quality of such LLM simulations. Moreover, there is growing concern that these LLM simulations are flattened caricatures of the personas that they aim to simulate, failing to capture the multidimensionality of people and perpetuating stereotypes. To bridge these gaps, we present CoMPosT, a framework to characterize LLM simulations using four dimensions: Context, Model, Persona, and Topic. We use this framework to measure open-ended LLM simulations' susceptibility to caricature, defined via two criteria: individuation and exaggeration. We evaluate the level of caricature in scenarios from existing work on LLM simulations. We find that for GPT-4, simulations of certain demographics (political and marginalized groups) and topics (general, uncontroversial) are highly susceptible to caricature.Comment: To appear at EMNLP 2023 (Main

    On the Value of Wikipedia as a Gateway to the Web

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    By linking to external websites, Wikipedia can act as a gateway to the Web. To date, however, little is known about the amount of traffic generated by Wikipedia's external links. We fill this gap in a detailed analysis of usage logs gathered from Wikipedia users' client devices. Our analysis proceeds in three steps: First, we quantify the level of engagement with external links, finding that, in one month, English Wikipedia generated 43M clicks to external websites, in roughly even parts via links in infoboxes, cited references, and article bodies. Official links listed in infoboxes have by far the highest click-through rate (CTR), 2.47% on average. In particular, official links associated with articles about businesses, educational institutions, and websites have the highest CTR, whereas official links associated with articles about geographical content, television, and music have the lowest CTR. Second, we investigate patterns of engagement with external links, finding that Wikipedia frequently serves as a stepping stone between search engines and third-party websites, effectively fulfilling information needs that search engines do not meet. Third, we quantify the hypothetical economic value of the clicks received by external websites from English Wikipedia, by estimating that the respective website owners would need to pay a total of $7--13 million per month to obtain the same volume of traffic via sponsored search. Overall, these findings shed light on Wikipedia's role not only as an important source of information, but also as a high-traffic gateway to the broader Web ecosystem.Comment: The Web Conference WWW 2021, 12 page

    In-class Data Analysis Replications: Teaching Students while Testing Science

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    Science is facing a reproducibility crisis. Previous work has proposed incorporating data analysis replications into classrooms as a potential solution. However, despite the potential benefits, it is unclear whether this approach is feasible, and if so, what the involved stakeholders-students, educators, and scientists-should expect from it. Can students perform a data analysis replication over the course of a class? What are the costs and benefits for educators? And how can this solution help benchmark and improve the state of science? In the present study, we incorporated data analysis replications in the project component of the Applied Data Analysis course (CS-401) taught at EPFL (N=354 students). Here we report pre-registered findings based on surveys administered throughout the course. First, we demonstrate that students can replicate previously published scientific papers, most of them qualitatively and some exactly. We find discrepancies between what students expect of data analysis replications and what they experience by doing them along with changes in expectations about reproducibility, which together serve as evidence of attitude shifts to foster students' critical thinking. Second, we provide information for educators about how much overhead is needed to incorporate replications into the classroom and identify concerns that replications bring as compared to more traditional assignments. Third, we identify tangible benefits of the in-class data analysis replications for scientific communities, such as a collection of replication reports and insights about replication barriers in scientific work that should be avoided going forward. Overall, we demonstrate that incorporating replication tasks into a large data science class can increase the reproducibility of scientific work as a by-product of data science instruction, thus benefiting both science and students

    ΠšΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ характСристики Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ с Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π² Π’ΠΈΠΊΠΈΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΈ. (Π§Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ 4)

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    Wikipedia is one of the most visited sites on the Web and a common source of information for many users. As an encyclopedia, Wikipedia was not conceived as a source of original information, but as a gateway to secondary sources: according to Wikipedia’s guidelines, facts must be backed up by reliable sources that reflect the full spectrum of views on the topic. Although citations lie at the heart of Wikipedia, little is known about how users interact with them. To close this gap, we built client-side instrumentation for logging all interactions with links leading from English Wikipedia articles to cited references during one month, and conducted the first anal-ysis of readers’ interactions with citations. We find that overall engagement with citations is low: about one in 300 page views results in a reference click (0.29% overall; 0.56% on desktop; 0.13% on mobile). Matched observational studies of the factors associated with reference clicking reveal that clicks occur more frequently on shorter pages and on pages of lower quality, suggesting that references are consulted more commonly when Wikipedia itself does not contain the information sought by the user. Moreover, we observe that recent content, open access sources, and references about life events (births, deaths, marriages, etc.) are particularly popular. Taken together, our findings deepen our understanding of Wikipedia’s role in a global information economy where reliability is ever less certain, and source attribution ever more vital.ВикипСдия – ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ· самых посСщаСмых сайтов ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Π΅Ρ‚Π° ΠΈ самых распространённых источников ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ для ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ. Π’ качСствС энциклопСдии ВикипСдия Π·Π°Π΄ΡƒΠΌΡ‹Π²Π°Π»Π°ΡΡŒ Π½Π΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ источник ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ (ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‡Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ) Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, Π°, скорСС, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π²ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π° ΠΊ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π³Π»ΡƒΠ±ΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ источникам. Π’ соотвСтствии с Π±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π’ΠΈΠΊΠΈΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΈ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚Ρ‹ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Π½Π°Π΄Ρ‘ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ источниками, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ спСктр всСх ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ рассматриваСмой Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠ΅. Π₯отя Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°Ρ‚ Π² основС функционирования Π’ΠΈΠΊΠΈΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎ Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ извСстно ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‚ с Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ. Π§Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ ΡƒΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ этот ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π΅Π», Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ создали клиСнтскиС (ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅) инструмСнты для вСдСния записСй (ΠΆΡƒΡ€Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ²) всСх взаимодСйствий со ссылками ΠΈΠ· англоязычных статСй Π’ΠΈΠΊΠΈΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹Π΅ ссылки Π² Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ мСсяца ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²Ρ‹ΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· взаимодСйствия Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ с Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ. БопоставлСниС Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ², связанных с ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ссылкС, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅Ρ‚, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ происходят Ρ‡Π°Ρ‰Π΅ Π½Π° страницах Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠ·- ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ качСства, ΠΈΠ· Ρ‡Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ссылки Ρ‡Π°Ρ‰Π΅ всСго Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ВикипСдия Π½Π΅ содСрТит ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΡƒΡŽ ΠΈΡ‰Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒ. ΠšΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ источники ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ доступа ΠΈ ссылки ΠΎ библиографичСских Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… (роТдСния, смСрти, Π±Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ‚.Π΄.) особСнно популярны.Π‘ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎ, наши Π²Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΡƒΠ³Π»ΡƒΠ±Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π’ΠΈΠΊΠΈΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΈ Π² глобальной ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ экономикС, Π³Π΄Π΅ Π½Π°Π΄Ρ‘ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ становится всё ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ‘Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ, Π° Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ источников – всё Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ.ИсслСдованиС, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Ρ‘Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ, прСдставлСно ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π² ВайбэС (Вайвань) Π² Π°ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π»Π΅ 2020 Π³. ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π² систСмС Arxive ΠšΠΎΡ€Π½Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ унивСрситСта (БША) ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π»ΠΈΡ†Π΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (cc-BY 4.0).Π‘ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ АБМ для ссылок:Π’ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π½ΠΎ ΠŸΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π΄ΠΈ, ΠœΠΈΡ€ΠΈΠ°ΠΌ Π Π΅Π΄ΠΈ, Π”ΠΆΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈ ΠšΠΎΠ»Π°Π²ΠΈΡ†Ρ†Π° ΠΈ Π ΠΎΠ±Π΅Ρ€Ρ‚ ВСст, 2020.ΠšΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° взаимодСйствия с Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π² Π’ΠΈΠΊΠΈΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΈ. Π’ Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄Π°Ρ…: Π’Π΅Π±-конфСрСнция 2020 (WWW’20), 20–24 Π°ΠΏΡ€. 2020 Π³., Вайбэй, Вайвань. АБМ, Нью-Π™ΠΎΡ€ΠΊ, БША. 12 с.; https://doi.org/10/1145/3366423.3380300

    ΠšΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ характСристики Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ с Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π² Π’ΠΈΠΊΠΈΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΈ. (Π§Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ 3)

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    Wikipedia is one of the most visited sites on the Web and a common source of information for many users. As an encyclopedia, Wikipedia was not conceived as a source of original information, but as a gateway to secondary sources: according to Wikipedia’s guidelines, facts must be backed up by reliable sources that reflect the full spectrum of views on the topic. Although citations lie at the heart of Wikipedia, little is known about how users interact with them. To close this gap, we built client-side instrumentation for logging all interactions with links leading from English Wikipedia articles to cited references during one month, and conducted the first analysis of readers’ interactions with citations. We find that overall engagement with citations is low: about one in 300 page views results in a reference click (0,29% overall; 0,56% on desktop; 0,13% on mobile). Matched observational studies of the factors associated with reference clicking reveal that clicks occur more frequently on shorter pages and on pages of lower quality, suggesting that references are consulted more commonly when Wikipedia itself does not contain the information sought by the user. Moreover, we observe that recent content, open access sources, and references about life events (births, deaths, marriages, etc.) are particularly popular. Taken together, our findings deepen our understanding of Wikipedia’s role in a global information economy where reliability is ever less certain, and source attribution ever more vital.ВикипСдия являСтся ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· самых посСщаСмых сайтов Π² ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ ΠΈ распространённым источником ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ для ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ. Π’ качСствС энциклопСдии ВикипСдия Π·Π°Π΄ΡƒΠΌΡ‹Π²Π°Π»Π°ΡΡŒ Π½Π΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ источник ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ (ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‡Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ) Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, Π°, скорСС, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π²ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π° ΠΊ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π³Π»ΡƒΠ±ΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ источникам. Π’ соотвСтствии с Π±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π’ΠΈΠΊΠΈΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΈ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚Ρ‹ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Π½Π°Π΄Ρ‘ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ источниками, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ спСктр всСх ΠΌ Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠ΅. Π₯отя Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°Ρ‚ Π² основС функционирования Π’ΠΈΠΊΠΈΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎ Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ извСстно ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‚ с Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ. Π§Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ Π·Π°ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ этот ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π΅Π», ΠΌΡ‹ создали клиСнтскиС (ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅) инструмСнты для вСдСния записСй (ΠΆΡƒΡ€Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ²) всСх взаимодСйствий со ссылками, ΠΈΠ΄ΡƒΡ‰ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ· англоязычных статСй Π’ΠΈΠΊΠΈΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹Π΅ ссылки Π² Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ мСсяца, ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²Ρ‹ΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· взаимодСйствия Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ с Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ.Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π² Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Ρ‡Ρ‘Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π² Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ низкая. Около 300 просмотров страниц приводят ΠΊ Π²Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρƒ ссылку – это составляСт всСго 0,29%; Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ числС 0 ,56% ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ с Π½Π°ΡΡ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡŒΡŽΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ (Π½Π° Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‡Π΅ΠΌ столС) ΠΈ 0,13% ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… устройствах. БопоставлСниС Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ², связанных с ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ссылкС, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅Ρ‚, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ происходят Ρ‡Π°Ρ‰Π΅ Π½Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈΡ… страницах ΠΈ Π½Π° страницах ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ качСства. Π˜ΡΡ…ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ· этого ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ссылки Ρ‡Π°Ρ‰Π΅ всСго Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ВикипСдия Π½Π΅ содСрТит ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΡƒΡŽ ΠΈΡ‰Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒ. ΠšΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΌΡ‹ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ источники ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ доступа ΠΈ ссылки ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… событиях (роТдСния, смСрти, Π±Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ‚.Π΄.) особСнно популярны. Π‘ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎ, наши Π²Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΡƒΠ³Π»ΡƒΠ±Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π’ΠΈΠΊΠΈΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΈ Π² глобальной ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ экономикС, Π³Π΄Π΅ Π½Π°Π΄Ρ‘ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ становится всё ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ‘Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ, Π° Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ источников становится всё Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ.Π‘ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ ACM для ссылок:Π’ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π½ΠΎ ΠŸΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π΄ΠΈ, ΠœΠΈΡ€ΠΈΠ°ΠΌ Π Π΅Π΄ΠΈ, Π”ΠΆΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΈ ΠšΠΎΠ»Π°Π²ΠΈΡ†Ρ†Π° ΠΈ Π ΠΎΠ±Π΅Ρ€Ρ‚ ВСст. 2020.ΠšΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° взаимодСйствия с Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π² Π’ΠΈΠΊΠΈΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΈ. Π’ Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄Π°Ρ…: Π’Π΅Π±-конфСрСнция 2020 (WWW’20), 20–24 апрСля 2020 Π³., Вайбэй, Вайвань. ACM, Нью-Π™ΠΎΡ€ΠΊ, ΡˆΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ Нью-Π™ΠΎΡ€ΠΊ, БША. 12 с. https://doi.org/10.1145/3366423.3380300

    ΠšΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ характСристики Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ с Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π² Π’ΠΈΠΊΠΈΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΈ. (Π§Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ 1)

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    ВикипСдия являСтся ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· самых посСщаСмых сайтов Π² ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ ΠΈ распространённым источником ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ для ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ. Π’ качСствС энциклопСдии ВикипСдия Π·Π°Π΄ΡƒΠΌΡ‹Π²Π°Π»Π°ΡΡŒ Π½Π΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ источник ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ (ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‡Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ) Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, Π°, скорСС, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π²ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π° ΠΊ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π³Π»ΡƒΠ±ΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ источникам. Π’ соотвСтствии с Π±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π’ΠΈΠΊΠΈΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΈ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚Ρ‹ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Π½Π°Π΄Ρ‘ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ источниками, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ спСктр всСх ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠ΅. Π₯отя Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°Ρ‚ Π² основС функционирования Π’ΠΈΠΊΠΈΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎ Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ извСстно ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‚ с Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ. Π§Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ Π·Π°ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ этот ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π΅Π», ΠΌΡ‹ создали клиСнтскиС (ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅) инструмСнты для вСдСния записСй (ΠΆΡƒΡ€Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ²) всСх взаимодСйствий со ссылками, ΠΈΠ΄ΡƒΡ‰ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ· англоязычных статСй Π’ΠΈΠΊΠΈΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΡ‹Π΅ ссылки Π² Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ мСсяца, ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²Ρ‹ΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· взаимодСйствия Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ с Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ.Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π² Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Ρ‡Ρ‘Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π² Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ низкая. Около 300 просмотров страниц приводят ΠΊ Π²Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρƒ ссылку – это составляСт всСго 0,29%, Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ числС 0,56% ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ с Π½Π°ΡΡ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡŒΡŽΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠΌ (Π½Π° Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‡Π΅ΠΌ столС) ΠΈ 0,13% ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… устройствах. БопоставлСниС Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ², связанных с ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ссылкС, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅Ρ‚, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ происходят Ρ‡Π°Ρ‰Π΅ Π½Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈΡ… страницах ΠΈ Π½Π° страницах ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ качСства. Π˜ΡΡ…ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ· этого ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ссылки Ρ‡Π°Ρ‰Π΅ всСго Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ВикипСдия Π½Π΅ содСрТит ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΡƒΡŽ ΠΈΡ‰Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒ. ΠšΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΌΡ‹ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ источники ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ доступа ΠΈ ссылки ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… событиях (роТдСния, смСрти, Π±Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ‚.Π΄.) особСнно популярны.Π‘ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π²ΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎ, наши Π²Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΡƒΠ³Π»ΡƒΠ±Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π’ΠΈΠΊΠΈΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΈ Π² глобальной ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ экономикС, Π³Π΄Π΅ Π½Π°Π΄Ρ‘ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ становится всё ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ‘Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ, Π° Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ источников становится всё Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ.Π‘ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ ACM для ссылок: Π’ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π½ΠΎ ΠŸΠΈΠΊΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π΄ΠΈ, ΠœΠΈΡ€ΠΈΠ°ΠΌ Π Π΅Π΄ΠΈ, Π”ΠΆΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΈ ΠšΠΎΠ»Π°Π²ΠΈΡ†Ρ†Π° ΠΈ Π ΠΎΠ±Π΅Ρ€Ρ‚ ВСст. 2020.ΠšΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° взаимодСйствия с Ρ†ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π² Π’ΠΈΠΊΠΈΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΈ. Π’ Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄Π°Ρ…: Π’Π΅Π±-конфСрСнция 2020 (WWW’20), 20–24 Π°ΠΏΡ€. 2020 Π³., Вайбэй, Π’Π°ΠΉ-вань. ACM, Нью-Π™ΠΎΡ€ΠΊ, ΡˆΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ Нью-Π™ΠΎΡ€ΠΊ, БША. 12 стр. https://doi.org/10.1145/3366423.3380300
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